{"id":1326,"date":"2023-03-24T12:55:56","date_gmt":"2023-03-24T12:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esen.av.tr\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2024-02-05T12:07:11","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T12:07:11","slug":"ecrimisil-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/esen.av.tr\/en\/ecrimisil-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Ecrimisil Nedir? | 2023 Ecrimisil Davas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ecrimisil Nedir?<\/h1>\n

Ecrimisil; zilyet olmayan malikin, malik olmayan k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli haks\u0131z zilyetten talep edebilece\u011fi haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131d\u0131r. Buradan hareketle, ecrimisil nedir?<\/strong> sorusuna \u015fu \u015fekilde yan\u0131t verebiliriz: bir e\u015fya \u00fczerinde zilyet (e\u015fyay\u0131 kullanmakta olan, elinde tutan kimse) olmayan malikin, k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli zilyedin haks\u0131z i\u015fgali nedeniyle isteyebilece\u011fi tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ecrimisil (haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat) kavram\u0131n\u0131, mevzuat ve \u00f6\u011freti \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha yak\u0131n bir perspektifle inceleyelim.<\/p>\n

Arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli \u201cecr\u201d ve \u201cmisil\u201d kelimelerinin birle\u015fiminden t\u00fcretilen ecrimisil s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, TDK s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinde; \u201cbir mal\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan yararlar\u0131n para \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle takdiri\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ecrimisil nedir?<\/strong> sorusuna hukuken yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in mevzuata bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ba\u015fta 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu<\/a> olmak \u00fczere mevzuatta direkt bir tan\u0131mlama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ecrimisil kavram\u0131n\u0131 yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretiden hareketle tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131m oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyiz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011fretiden hareketle genel olarak ecrimisil; k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli zilyedin kiralanmaya uygun e\u015fyay\u0131 al\u0131koymak suretiyle haks\u0131z \u015fekilde kullanmas\u0131 ve bu nedenle, hak sahibinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131n tazmini \u015feklinde izah edilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun, ecrimisil nedir?<\/strong> sorusuna yan\u0131t te\u015fkil eden bir karar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fal\u0131m: \u201cecrimisil; hakl\u0131 zilyedin, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli haks\u0131z zilyetten isteyebilece\u011fi tazminatt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d Ecrimisil tazminat\u0131, kanuni bir d\u00fczenlemeden de\u011fil yerle\u015fik Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131ndan uygulama alan\u0131 bulmu\u015f bir tazminat davas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ecrimisil Ne Demek?<\/h2>\n

Hukuk d\u00fczeni bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait olan e\u015fyadan haks\u0131z \u015fekilde fayda sa\u011flanmas\u0131na engel olmak amac\u0131yla gerek \u00f6zel hukuk gerekse ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ecrimisil, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bu davran\u0131\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zel hukuk alan\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan biridir. Sadece yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6\u011fretide de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yer alan ve yer almaya da devam eden ecrimisil, zikretti\u011fimiz \u00fczere haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ecrimisil Davas\u0131 Nedir, Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Ecrimisil davas\u0131; zilyet olmayan malikin, malik olmayan k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli haks\u0131z zilyede kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z kullan\u0131m nedeniyle maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131n giderilmesi talebiyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 tazminat davas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle, ecrimisil davas\u0131; tamamen kendisine ait olmayan bir e\u015fyay\u0131 haks\u0131z \u015fekilde kullanan ki\u015finin, bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 neticesinde e\u015fyan\u0131n sahibinin zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olmas\u0131 ve neden oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131 gidermesi amac\u0131yla aleyhinde a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat talepli davad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ecrimisile uygulamada haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131 da denir. Ecrimisil, yani haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar i\u00e7in talep edilebilece\u011fi gibi ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mallar i\u00e7in de istenebilir. Mal sahibinin ecrimisil talebinde bulunabilmesi, mal\u0131 kullanan\u0131n haks\u0131z zilyet ve k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r veya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal sahibinin, mal\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermesi ve daval\u0131 taraf\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli olmamas\u0131 halinde haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131 davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Miras\u00e7\u0131lar Aras\u0131nda Ecrimisil Davas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Mirasb\u0131rakan\u0131n birden \u00e7ok miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 mevcutsa miras\u00e7\u0131lar, tereke mallar\u0131 \u00fczerinde i\u015ftirak (el birli\u011fi) halinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyete tabi miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda, ortaklar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f paylar\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. Ortaklardan her biri, i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyete tabi mallar\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde hak sahibidir. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ecrimisil davas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olabilmesi, intifadan men \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Peki, intifadan men \u015fart\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n

\u0130ntifadan men, s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131 itibariyle kullan\u0131ma itiraz demektir. Miras hukuku anlam\u0131nda intifadan men ise miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131\/miras\u00e7\u0131lara, fazladan i\u015fgal etti\u011fi yerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na itiraz etmesidir. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle, intifadan men; haks\u0131z i\u015fgal nedeniyle el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti alt\u0131nda bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda faydalanamayan payda\u015f\u0131n, haks\u0131z i\u015fgalde bulunan orta\u011fa ya da ortaklara, ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan faydalanma talebini bildirmesidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ntifadan men, \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131na tabi de\u011fildir; bu itibarla, bu husus her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir. Bir dava \u015fart\u0131 olan intifadan men, mahkemece re\u2019 sen g\u00f6zetilecektir. Fakat, intifadan men ko\u015fulunda birtak\u0131m istisnalar mevcuttur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da da s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bu istisna durumlarda intifadan men ihtar \u015fart\u0131na gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n dava yoluna gidilebilir ve hal talep edilebilir. Bahse konu istisnalar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n